Prevalence and Socio Demographic Characteristics of Disability in Older Adults in China Retrospective Study: A Literature Review

Introduction: Illness, injury and aging are the main causes of disability in the elderly, elderly people with disabilities experience economic and health stresses, and may also experience mental and psychological distress, and other life difficulties. The aim of this study was to clarify the prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics of disability in the elderly. Elderly care is a concern of the whole community. Method: The research method used is a retrospective study, namely research (survey) where the design is used to provide information related to the prevalence, distribution and relationships between variables in a population. Result: The bivariate relationship between the level of disability in the elderly according to sex, area, age, social status and in different cities was analyzedwith P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The disability rate in adults is 7.0%. Disability rates were significantly higher in women than men, significantly higher in rural areas than urban areas, and higher in northern China than southern China. The urban disability rate ranges from 5.7% to 1.2%. The difference is statistically significant, with Beijing having the highest disability rate and Shanghai the lowest. Defects increase with age. Conclusion: This study shows that the rate of disability among elderly people in northern China is significantly higher than in southern China


Introduction
Studies in various countries have shown that the elderly comprise the largest group of people with disabilities (Molton & Jensen, 2010), with an aging population, a problem that is difficult to solve is the rapid growth in the number of elderly people with disabilities, or the increased risk of disability (Na et al., 2017). Illness, injury and aging are the main causes of disability in the elderly. The sixth National Health Service Survey in China reports the prevalence rate of disability in adults is 0.68%, those aged 60-69 years are 2.15%, those aged 70-79 years are 6.49%, those aged 80-89 years as much as 18.56%, those aged 90-99 years as much as 29.19% of whom are more than 100 years old (Ceballos, Ehrlich, & Dirzo, 2017).
The survey also reported higher disability among women than in men. Elderly with disabilities or other health conditions often depend on care from other people or hospitalization, elderly people with disabilities experience economic and health stresses, and may also experience mental and psychological distress, and other life difficulties (Jahn, Becker, & Stengler, 2017).
The aim of this study was to clarify the prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics of disability in the elderly. Elderly care is a concern of the whole community. People in the later stages of life should be activated to take care of themselves as much as possible to reduce dependence, which is the goal of healthy Health Survey (Li & Zhang, 2014), which defines disability as the loss or limitation of a person's ability to carry out daily life.
Currently, the assessment and standardization of disability indicators is not uniform. There is also a large-scale epidemiological shortage of data on the level of Hamidah Retno Wardani Prevalence and Socio Demographic Characteristics of Disability.... disability, particularly of the elderly. Therefore, this study aims to determine the epidemiological characteristics of disabilities in elderly people in China.
This study aims to determine the characteristics of the epidemiological disability among elderly people in China. Evidence of scientific research can be applied in clinical practice and as material for further research to be carried out through a critical appraisal first to assess whether this research journal is good research and worthy of being ignored in Evidance Based in Nursing.

Method
The critical appraisal tool used in the discussion of this article is CAOS (Critical Appraisal of a Survey) (Ma et al., 2015) for Retrospective Study research. This tool was chosen because it is in accordance with the design of this study, namely the Retrospective Study. The research method used is a retrospective study, namely research (survey) where the design is used to provide information related to the prevalence, distribution and relationships between variables in a population. In the survey there was no intervention. In this journal, the research method (learning design) is appropriate to answer questions, namely to determine the epidemiological characteristics of disabilities in the elderly in China, basic information data is obtained (including age, gender, region, ethnic group, occupation, and education level); family status (including marital status and family relationships); physical health assessment consisting of ADL, IADL, and physical examination; life behavior and assessment of social functions (smoking, drinking, physical exercise, eating habits, sleeping, and participation in social activities).
As clearly illustrated by the retrospective study method used, the data for analysis were obtained from the China Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Study (CCGAS).
Where the CCGAS is the first integrated comprehensive scoring system to be raised in China from the national assessment of the Geriatric Comprehensive Database. CCGAS uses proven statistical sampling techniques including cohort, stratification, and random selection (Ma et al., 2015). Specific sampling methods are carried out in stages based on geographic distribution (used by several cities), for elderly data, the sampling is disaggregated by different places, namely urban and rural areas. Divided into age groups and sexes, the total sample used was 6864 participants. CCGAS uses proven statistical sampling techniques including cohort, stratification, and random selection (Ma et al., 2015). This method first concerns the north-south region and the second concerns urban-rural areas and so on. The specific sampling method is to be carried out in stages based on geographic distribution. In particular, in the first phase, three cities (Beijing, Xi'an, and Harbin) were selected from the northern cities, and four cities (Chengdu, Chongqing, Changsha, and Shanghai) were selected from the cities in the south. In all, the above seven cities are from seven different provinces, and represent the six regional cities in mainland China: northern

Result
This study shows that the rate of disability in the elderly increases with age. The bivariate relationship between the level of disability in the elderly according to sex, area, age, social status and in different cities was analyzed χ 2 tests were carried out using SPSS version 11.5 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
There are several limiting factors in our study. First, only a few socio demographics. second, because cross-sectional studies cannot identify potential disability-related factors, further study is needed. The disability rate in adults is 7.0%. Disability rates were significantly higher in women than men, significantly higher in rural areas than urban areas, and higher in northern China than southern China. The urban disability rate ranges from 5.7% to 1.2%. The difference is statistically significant, with Beijing having the highest disability rate and Shanghai the lowest.
Defects increase with age.

Conclusion
This study shows that the rate of disability among elderly people in northern China is significantly higher than in southern China. There is a gap in the elderly disability rate between the two different cities (Beijing, 4.43%; Shanghai, 3.14%), but there is no difference between northern and southern China.