Problematika Penerapan Cyber Notary dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia: Kritik Terhadap Kepastian Hukum dan Keotentikan Akta Notaris

Abstract

Abstract: The development of information technology has driven transformation in various fields, including notarial practice through the concept of cyber notary. This study aims to analyze the legal challenges in the implementation of cyber notary in the Indonesian legal system, particularly regarding the aspects of legal certainty as well as the validity and evidentiary power of electronic deeds. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach, as proposed by Peter Mahmud Marzuki. The legal materials used consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials obtained through library research. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of cyber notary in Indonesia still faces various challenges, including the lack of comprehensive regulations, disharmony of laws and regulations, and the failure to fulfill the principle of legal certainty. Furthermore, from the aspect of validity, deeds made through cyber notary still raises debate regarding the fulfillment of the formal requirements for authentic deeds, particularly regarding the presence of the parties before the notary. This condition has the potential to cause a degradation of the evidentiary power of the deed to become a private deed. In addition, aspects of data security and identity verification also pose challenges in the implementation of cyber notary. In conclusion, the implementation of cyber notary in the Indonesian legal system still requires comprehensive legal reform through harmonization of laws and regulations, strengthening of digital security systems, and adapting evidence law to technological developments. Thus, it is hoped that cyber notary can be implemented effectively without compromising the principles of legal certainty and the validity of authentic deeds.

Keywords: Cyber Notary; Legal Certainty; Authentic Deeds; Proof; Legal Digitalization.

Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi informasi telah mendorong transformasi dalam berbagai bidang, termasuk praktik kenotariatan melalui konsep cyber notary. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tantangan hukum dalam penerapan cyber notary dalam sistem hukum Indonesia, khususnya terkait aspek kepastian hukum serta keabsahan dan kekuatan pembuktian akta elektronik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Peter Mahmud Marzuki. Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan cyber notary di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, antara lain belum adanya regulasi yang komprehensif, disharmonisasi peraturan perundang-undangan, serta belum terpenuhinya prinsip kepastian hukum. Selain itu, dari aspek keabsahan, akta yang dibuat melalui cyber notary masih menimbulkan perdebatan mengenai pemenuhan syarat formil akta autentik, khususnya terkait kehadiran para pihak di hadapan notaris. Kondisi ini berpotensi menyebabkan degradasi kekuatan pembuktian akta menjadi akta di bawah tangan. Di samping itu, aspek keamanan data dan verifikasi identitas juga menjadi tantangan dalam penerapan cyber notary. Kesimpulannya, penerapan cyber notary dalam sistem hukum
Indonesia masih memerlukan reformasi hukum yang komprehensif melalui harmonisasi peraturan perundang-undangan, penguatan sistem keamanan digital, serta penyesuaian hukum pembuktian terhadap perkembangan teknologi. Dengan demikian, cyber notary diharapkan dapat diterapkan secara efektif tanpa mengabaikan prinsip kepastian hukum dan keabsahan akta autentik.
Kata kunci: Cyber Notary; Kepastian Hukum; Akta Autentik; Pembuktian; Digitalisasi
Hukum.