KONSEP TAKHFIF DAN TASYADID DALAM KITAB MIZAN AL-KUBRA DALAM KONTEKS ILMU USHUL FIQH

Abstract

Mizan al-Kubra, a seminal work by Shaykh Abdul Wahhab al-Sha’rani, presents a comprehensive discussion on the balance between legal facilitation (takhfif) and strictness (tasyadid) within Islamic jurisprudence. These concepts reflect the flexibility of Islamic law in addressing diverse human conditions and social realities. This study aims to examine the concepts of takhfif and tasyadid in Mizan al-Kubra and analyze their relevance within the framework of Ushul Fiqh. Employing a qualitative library research method, this study analyzes primary texts alongside supporting scholarly literature. The findings reveal that al-Sha’rani emphasizes the dual dimension of Islamic rulings grounded in considerations of public interest (maslahah), the capacity of legal subjects (mukallaf), and the objectives of Islamic law (maqasid al-shari‘ah). The principle of takhfif focuses on ease and the removal of hardship, while tasyadid embodies caution and the pursuit of legal rigor. From the perspective of Ushul Fiqh, these principles correspond to foundational legal maxims such as al-mashaqqah tajlib al-taysir (hardship begets facility) and the doctrine of blocking the means (sadd al-dhara’i). This study concludes that the balance between takhfif and tasyadid represents the wisdom and adaptability of Islamic law while preserving its normative essence, offering valuable insights for contemporary legal discourse.