INTERFAITH HARMONY IN INDONESIA: BETWEEN THE IDEALITY OF VALUES AND THE REALITY OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS

Abstract

Abstract: Interfaith harmony is a fundamental pillar in maintaining social integrity and diversity in Indonesia. Normatively, the values of harmony are enshrined in religious teachings, the Pancasila, and various state regulations that emphasize the importance of tolerance, dialogue, and mutual respect between religious communities. However, in social practice, the ideals of these values often encounter various problems, such as horizontal conflict, intolerance, the politicization of religious identity, and the spread of hate speech through digital media. This study aims to analyze the gap between the ideals of interfaith harmony and the reality of social problems in Indonesia, as well as to identify the causal factors and strategies for strengthening them. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR)by reviewing national and international journal articles, scientific books, and policy reports relevant to the theme of interfaith harmony in Indonesia. The SLR process involved formulating research questions, selecting literature based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, conducting thematic analysis, and synthesizing research findings. The results and discussion indicate that the challenges of interfaith harmony are influenced by structural, cultural, and instrumental factors, such as weak moderate religious literacy, social inequality, and the use of religion as a tool for political gain. On the other hand, various good practices, such as interfaith dialogue, the role of religious leaders, and policies of religious moderation, have been shown to strengthen social harmony. In conclusion, strengthening interfaith harmony in Indonesia requires an integrative approach involving multicultural education, strengthening the role of religious institutions, and ongoing collaboration between the state and civil society.

Keywords: Interfaith Harmony; Religious Pluralism; Social Conflict; Moderation of Religion; Multicultural Society

Abstrak: Kerukunan umat beragama merupakan salah satu pilar fundamental dalam menjaga keutuhan sosial dan kebhinekaan bangsa Indonesia. Secara normatif, nilai-nilai kerukunan telah tertuang dalam ajaran agama, Pancasila, serta berbagai regulasi negara yang menegaskan pentingnya toleransi, dialog, dan saling menghormati antarumat beragama. Namun, dalam praktik sosial, idealitas nilai tersebut kerap berhadapan dengan berbagai problematika, seperti konflik horizontal, intoleransi, politisasi identitas agama, serta penyebaran ujaran kebencian melalui media digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesenjangan antara idealitas nilai kerukunan umat beragama dan realitas problematika sosial yang terjadi di Indonesia, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab dan strategi penguatannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menelaah artikel jurnal nasional dan internasional, buku ilmiah, serta laporan kebijakan yang relevan dengan tema kerukunan umat beragama di Indonesia. Proses SLR dilakukan melalui tahapan perumusan pertanyaan penelitian, seleksi literatur berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, analisis tematik, serta sintesis temuan penelitian. Hasil dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa problematika kerukunan umat beragama dipengaruhi oleh faktor struktural, kultural, dan instrumental, seperti lemahnya literasi keagamaan moderat, ketimpangan sosial, serta penggunaan agama sebagai alat kepentingan politik. Di sisi lain, berbagai praktik baik seperti dialog lintas iman, peran tokoh agama, dan kebijakan moderasi beragama terbukti mampu memperkuat harmoni sosial. Kesimpulannya, penguatan kerukunan umat beragama di Indonesia memerlukan pendekatan integratif yang melibatkan pendidikan multikultural, penguatan peran institusi keagamaan, serta kolaborasi negara dan masyarakat sipil secara berkelanjutan.

Kata Kunci: Harmoni Antar Agama; Pluralisme Agama; Konflik Sosial; Moderasi Agama; Masyarakat Multikultural